![]() ![]() A precise neuromodulation system integrates neural activity monitoring, real-time neural decoding, and neuromodulation. Neuromodulation devices are becoming one of the most powerful tools for the treatment of brain disorders, enhancing neurocognitive performance, and demonstrating causality ( Bergmann et al., 2016 Knotkova and Rasche, 2016). Real-time neural decoding predicts behavioral variables based on neural activity data, where the prediction is performed at a pace that keeps up with the speed of the activity that is being monitored. We expect that the system will enable cost-effective, real-time calcium imaging-based neural decoding, leading to precise neuromodulation. We found that the proposed system accurately detected neurons and extracted neural activities in real time without any requirement for expensive, cumbersome, or special-purpose computing hardware. The proposed system was evaluated on simulated calcium imaging data, calcium imaging data with manual annotation, and calcium imaging data of the anterior lateral motor cortex. In this paper, we propose a novel real-time neuron detection and activity extraction system using a dataflow framework to provide real-time performance and adaptability to new algorithms and hardware platforms. Real-time neuron detection and neural activity extraction are critical components of real-time neural decoding. 4Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS), University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, United States.3Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States. ![]() ![]() 2National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States.1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, United States.Yaesop Lee 1 †, Jing Xie 1 †, Eungjoo Lee 1, Srijesh Sudarsanan 1, Da-Ting Lin 2, Rong Chen 1,3 * and Shuvra S. ![]()
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